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In this tutorial, you will learn most important commands for Linux Command Line. The command line is one of the most powerful features of Linux. There exists a sea of Linux command line tools, allowing you to do almost everything you can think of doing on your Linux PC.
Let’s learn the Linux commands
HARDWARE
dmesg
Detected hardware and boot messages
cat /proc/cpuinfo
CPU model
cat /proc/meminfo
Hardware memory
cat /proc/interruptS
Lists the number of interrupts per CPU per I/O device
Ishw
Displays information on hardware configuration of the system
Isbik
Displays block device related information in Linux
free -m
Used and free memory (-m for MB)
Ispci -tv
Show PCI devices
Isusb -tv
dmidecode
Show USB devices
dmidecode
Show hardware info from the BIOS
hdparm -i /dev/sda
Show info about disk sda
hdparm -tT /dev/sda
Do a read speed test on disk sda
badblocks -s /dev/sda
Test for unreadable blocks on disk sda
SYSTEM
uname -a
Display Linux System Information
uname -r
Display Kernel release Information
uptime
Show how long the system has been running + load
hostname
Show system host name
hostname -i
Display the IP address of the host
last reboot
Show system reboot history show the current date and time
date
Show the current date and time
cal
Show this month calendar
w
Display who is online
whoami
who you are logged in as
finger user
Display information about user
USERS
id
Show the active user id with login and group
last
Show last logins on the system
who
Show who is logged on the system
groupadd admin
Add group “admin”
useradd -c “Sam Tomshi”
g admin -m sam #Create user “sam”
userdel sam
Delete user sam
adduser sam
Add user “sam”
usermod
Modify user information
FILE COMMANDS
Is -al
Display all information about files/ directories
pwd
Show the path of current directory
mkdir directory-name
Create a directory
rm file-name
Delete file
rm -r directory-nam
rm -f file-name
Delete directory recursively
rm -f directory-nam
Forcefully remove file
rm -rf directory-name
Forcefully remove directory recursively
cp file1 file2
Copy file1 to file2
cp -r dir1 dir2
Copy dir1 to dir2, create dir2 if it doesn’t exist
mv file1 file2
Rename source to dest / move source to directory
In -s /path/to/file-name link-name
#Create symbolic link to file-name
touch file
Create or update file
cat > file
Place standard input into file
more file
Output contents of file
head file
Output first 10 lines of file
tail file
Output last 10 lines of file
tail -f file
C7 contents of file as it grows starting with the last 10 lines
gpg -c file
Encrypt file
gpg file.gpg
wc
Decrypt file
wc
print the number of bytes, words, and lines in files
xargs
Execute command lines from standard input
PROCESS RELATED
ps
Display your currently active processes
ps aux I grep ‘telnet’
Find all process id related to telnet process
pmap
Memory map of process
top
Display all running processes
kill pid
Kill process with mentioned pid id
killall proc
Kill all processes named proc
pkill process-name
Send signal to a process with its name
bg
Resumes suspended jobs without bringing them to foreground
fg
Brings the most recent job to foreground
fg n
Brings job n to the foreground
FILE PERMISSION RELATED
chmod octal file-name
Change the permission of the file to octal
Example
chmod 777 /data/test.c
Set rwx permission for owner,group,world
chmod 777 /data/test.c
Set rwx permission for owner,rx for group and world
chown owner-user file
Change owner of the file
chown owner-user:owner-group file-name
Change owner and group owner of the file
chown owner-user:owner-group directory
Change owner and group owner of the directory
NETWORK
ip addr show
Display all network interfaces and ip address (a iproute 2 command,powerful than ifconfig)